The Driving Forces Behind European Expansion Essay Example

The Driving Forces Behind European Expansion Essay The main impetuses behind European development abroad can be viewed as both political and financial. The previous century has seen various hypotheses rise and create on the reasons for such development. From the primary political conciliatory understandings and great financial speculations of Lenin and Hobson of the principal half of the century. To the later variations on these unique speculations: extension driven by extraordinary mass patriotism, or by the significant financial force lopsidedness for instance. Hypotheses have frequently attempted to offer noticeable quality to monetary powers over political ones or the other way around, nonetheless, it appears these powers were inconceivably entwined and couldn't have worked in seclusion. The main thrusts behind European extension abroad seem, by all accounts, to be a mix of political and monetary factors in association. It in this manner appears to be conceivable to take a gander at these political and financial powers separately , and a short time later how they functioned in mix. Exemplary political understandings have recently guaranteed European development was a wonder of intensity legislative issues, while joining just optional significance to patriot thinking. To Friedjung, for instance, constant competition among the incredible forces drove expansion,1 while Schumpeter considered extension to be an intentional approach to build force, renown, and security of the home country.2 Contemporary supposition unquestionably bolstered this position, for instance, Otto Hinze expressed in 1907: ‘The battle for extraordinary force status is the genuine quintessence of the colonialist movement.’3 Despite the fact that this exemplary political hypothesis despite everything appreciates credit among Western students of history, the accentuation has moved. Unmistakable quality is offered, not to conciliatory history and the ‘the battle for authority between the major modern powers’,4 yet to the mass developments of patriotism inside these states. While global force legislative issues unquestionably had a quickening and even self-producing job on European extension, it was little of an expla We will compose a custom article test on The Driving Forces Behind European Expansion explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on The Driving Forces Behind European Expansion explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on The Driving Forces Behind European Expansion explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer

A reason why international diversification increases

Worldwide broadening can be comprehended as the extension of a firm Into various nations and land locales. This extension offers firms different points of interest like the misuse of chances on board, economies of scale, sharing of center skills, and learning. Learning is a key factor of the effective improvement of new capacities. Learning itself is cultivated by assorted encounters. This demonstrates the association with International broadening, thus working in differing conditions (nations/topographical districts) Increases the Intensity and recurrence f occasions and Ideas to which a firm is exposed.Anyway, it Is sketchy in the case of learning through assorted encounters drives eventually to capacities that expansion benefit of a universal differentiated firm. To survey this inquiry I will underline a couple of contentions that help and negate this announcement. From one perspective, directors and laborers who have encounters In differing situations are more beneficial than wor kers who don't have such encounters. This is for the most part on the grounds that these workers have a more extensive scope of encounters and a spot and take care of issues more effectively than representatives with a limited view.Furthermore, an association that works in a few nations has a wide scope of auxiliaries from that it can learn. These auxiliaries give access to a wide scope of new thoughts and new practices that offer ascent to development and lead to expanded innovative abilities. Furthermore, firms which stay In their household nation just as In their shopping center Industry face comparable dangers and openings and create standard techniques to deal with them. In this way, they have generally tight encounters and beneficiary strategies and abilities additionally will in general be smaller on the grounds that they face a constrained arrangement of challenges.These impediments won't influence the firm temporarily however I accept that it diminishes the presentation of the firm over the long haul. Then again, firms that try to enter an outside market will in general beginning with social close nations from the outset. As these organizations become experienced, they start to grow in social inaccessible markets. Along these lines, numerous organizations don't face such extraordinary learning openings since they lean toward social close nations which are like their mother country.Furthermore, firms don't need to be globally expanded to experience learning openings. It is additionally conceivable to gain from remote providers or outside clients. In this manner, one urgent angle Is the means by which learning forms are Implemented and lived In associations. This depends, in addition to other things, on how the firm and its auxiliaries are sorted out. A firm that drives its auxiliaries/geological districts/item divisions as a vital holding abuses less learning open doors since it deals with its auxiliaries just by monetary indicators.In contestant, if a firm deals with its auxiliaries as a usable holding it intercedes in the everyday business to take advantage of cooperative energies and learning lucky breaks. Thus, cross-outskirt learning needs to conquer hierarchical obliges. That worldwide differentiated firms face more prospects to learn and grow new capacities that expansion gainfulness however this doesn't suggest that they generally beat non universal enhanced firms. Universal broadened firms need to make settings that encourage and support cross-outskirt figuring out how to abuse the differing openings they face in remote nations.

Foster MBA Essay Samples

Foster MBA Essay SamplesIf you want to be an MBA and want to take your studies to the next level, you need to know the best foster MBA essay samples. It is not easy to become an MBA and it requires many years of study. So it is always advisable to choose the best MBA essay samples. Here are some tips for you to choose the best:Always choose a topnotch essay. You should be able to get your PhD within a reasonable time span. So you must pick a topnotch essay from the topmost MBA universities that you can find. The best part about it is that you do not have to pay any money for these essays as they are totally free.The main objective of an essay sample is to help the students write their academic papers well. So there are many techniques that you can use to make the essay as good as possible. Besides, it has been observed that some students have problems in writing their papers as they do not possess the passion for writing.Before you get into the process of writing your academic paper, you have to familiarize yourself with the various aspects of writing such as the importance of good grammar, good syntax, and structure. All these are crucial to ensure that the essay is comprehensible.One of the most popular form of scholarship to the graduate from a University for advancing his career is the MBA. So you should choose the best scholarship essay samples that help the student to write the best essay.There are many essay samples available online, which you can easily download from the Internet. However, it is important to note that the free papers are not worth the paper. Thus, you should use the paid essay samples if you want to achieve success.There are several types of essay samples that you can choose from. However, you should choose the best one based on your requirements.It is never too late to write your papers. It is important to have the passion and energy to write the papers. So if you want to get into the best MBA essay samples, you should make it a point to understand the various aspects of writing academic papers well.

The Rise Of Social Media And Its Impact On The Feminism...

Media Research Literature Review The rise of Social Media and its impact on the Feminism Movement Abstract: The new media Internet, social media platforms, has been an increasingly popular tool for feminists to promote the feminism movement. With the broad reach of the internet and social media, this has led to a wider awareness of the feminist movement. The broad reach of the internet and social media however has also open the female gender to various levels of objectification. This paper reviews the research that has been done regarding the effect that the internet and social media has on the feminism movement. Throughout history, women have always been oppressed in one form or another. The social status of women have often been lower than that of their male counter parts creating adverse gender inequality in society. One such example is in the United States of America in which before 1920, women did not have the rights to vote. The lower social status of women in society is further propagated mainly through the objectification of women in the media through the sexualisation of women. Since the creation of media, various forms of media have often objectified woman, be it in advertising or in movies. (Fredrickson and Roberts, 1997). The objectification theory focuses on the continuous exposure to media which objectified women, leading to a phenomenon known as self-objectification. According to this theory, after long termShow MoreRelatedFeminism And The Feminist Movement1304 Words   |  6 PagesWith the rise of the feminist movement there have been many significant advances toward women gaining equality in all aspects of life. Media has a strong influence on society and it is continuously educating, informing and conditioning how humans behave and display themselves. With the media endorsing so many hyper sexualized images of men and women, it is very unlikely that these ideas would render no impact on our sense of identity. Feminism is a social principle and political movement mostly basedRead MoreWomen s Rights And Feminist Movements995 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant platform for social revolution. During this era countless social movements emerged, notably so the women’s rights and feminist movements. Tremendous gains were made for women throughout the century’s span, from suffrage, to equal pay, and the availability of contraceptives. One of the most complex feminist movements of the 20th century followed the period’s most tumultuous event: World War II. While under occupation by the United States the Japanese feminist movement flourished and the livesRead MoreFeminism And The Contemporary Art1637 Words   |  7 Pagesnon-traditional media, and how fine art has created platforms and spaces for discussion and widens views of feminism within feminist groups and how it can be portrayed differently. In our contemporary age of art, female artists are stripping aw ay the precedent of the male-dominated views of the female standing socially, politically and physically. It should be made clear that Feminist art is not of a specific time period or movement, â€Å"feminist art is neither a style nor a movement†¦It consists of manyRead MoreThe Portrayal Of Heterosexual Love1669 Words   |  7 Pagesin film and the effects that it has on millennial women and through the cycle of repression, its effect on minorities. The analytical framework consists of feminist theory as described by John Storey and Stuart Hall’s representation theory. Then, feminism in romantic fiction will be again be explored academically by Storey, exploring the power that romantic fiction in pop culture has on society and it role it plays in sex. Next, the phenomenon that is known as, love at first sight will be dissectedRead MoreA Feminist View On Gender Equality997 Words   |  4 Pageshelped the rise of American women in sport? This essay is going to take a feminist view on gender equality in sport and explore the impact of Title IX. Theories are important in helping to understand sport and its role in society. Feminism is a complex and diverse theory that has a variety of beliefs and ideas about what culture is like for women just because they are women. Feminism can be deemed as a collection of movements and ideologies which share a common goal. Over the years feminism has grownRead MoreHistory And Evolution Of The Anti Feminist Movement Essay2112 Words   |  9 Pagesof the anti-feminist movement as a reaction to feminism in the United States. As a background, I will provide a brief summary of the feminist movement and it’s relation to anti-feminism. Then I will go into the anti-feminist movement, and it’s origins, background, and main supporters. Although anti-feminism was founded as a backlash movement, it actually sparked another wave of movements itself, those of which I will explore as well. Lastly, I will look at how anti-feminism has evolved over timeRead MoreBefore Diving Into The Curren t State Of Male Roles In Advertising,1322 Words   |  6 Pagesadvertising through the media from a social determinist standpoint, the existing cultural and social values and progresses are what determine how gender roles are portrayed in media. This would go against the cultivation theory notion that the media used to portray men and women are what shape our cultural and social ideologies. Grau and Zotos (2016) establish this â€Å"the mirror versus the mold† debate and note that this debate â€Å"is a continuum† (p. 763). Existing social values may impact the strategies ofRead MoreBeyonce As A Mediated Symbol1524 Words   |  7 Pagessources disagree, this essay will argue that because of society’s hegemonic ideology surrounding what constitutes power and the â€Å"ideal woman†, Beyoncà © has become a revolutionary symbol representing minority and women empowerment through the use of media. As an symbol she has and is continuing to demonstrate mo re modern ideological structures, which in turn demonstrates continuously changing societal ideologies. Before delving into the specifics as to what makes Beyoncà © a revolutionary mediated symbolRead MoreWomen s Studies : An Egyptian American Scholar On Islamic Feminism And Islam Essay1083 Words   |  5 PagesIslamic feminism and Islam, Ahmed has published a number of highly informative works addressing the complexities of feminism in Muslim life. Ahmed’s previous works include Women and Gender in Islam. (1993) explores the role women and gender play from the Pre-Islamic Era in the Middle East through to the modern world that we know today. The issue of veiling is an ongoing debate and one in which invokes a great emotion among many people. Her latest work explores the history of the fall and rise of theRead MoreThe Role Of Media And Communications Developed Over The Last Century?1803 Words   |  8 PagesHow has the study of media and communications developed over the last century? Media and communications are powerful tools in the world that has had major input in the development of technology and knowledge. However, there are theoretical aspects that have gone into the development of media and communications such Marxism, structuralism, cultural studies, subcultural theory, feminism and postmodernism. Louis Althusser (1970) wrote an essay called ‘Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses’, in

Dna Forensics And The Human Genome - 2744 Words

Before the 1980s, courts relied on testimony and eyewitness accounts as a main source of evidence. Notoriously unreliable, these techniques have since faded away to the stunning reliability of DNA forensics. In 1984, British geneticist Alec Jeffreys of the University of Leicester discovered an interesting new marker in the human genome. Most DNA information is the same in every human, but the junk code between genes is unique to every person. Junk DNA used for investigative purposes can be found in blood, saliva, perspiration, sexual fluid, skin tissue, bone marrow, dental pulp, and hair follicles (Phillips, 2008). By analyzing this junk code, Jeffreys found certain sequences of 10 to 100 base pairs repeated multiple times. These tandem repeats are also the same for all people, but the number of repetitions is highly variable. Before this discovery, a drop of blood at a crime scene could only reveal a person’s blood type, plus a few proteins unique to certain people. Now DNA f orensics can expose a person’s gender, race, susceptibility to diseases, and even propensity for high aggression or drug abuse (Phillips, 2008). More importantly, the certainty of DNA evidence is extremely powerful in court. Astounded at this technology’s almost perfect accuracy, the FBI changed the name of its Serology Unit to the DNA Analysis Unit in 1988 when they began accepting requests for DNA comparisons (Lewis, 1989). There are thirteen standard tandem repeats used in modern forensics, andShow MoreRelatedDna Forensics And The Human Genome2746 Words   |  11 Pages DNA Forensics Before the 1980s, courts relied on testimony and eyewitness accounts as a main source of evidence. Notoriously unreliable, these techniques have since faded away to the stunning reliability of DNA forensics. In 1984, British geneticist Alec Jeffreys of the University of Leicester discovered an interesting new marker in the human genome. Most DNA information is the same in every human, but the junk code between genes is unique to every person. Junk DNA used for investigative purposesRead MoreThe Human Genome Project1460 Words   |  6 PagesGene Essay Assignment: The Human Genome Project A genome is the complete DNA set of an organism. These DNA molecules are made up of two strands. Every strand is composed of four nucleotide bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. Complementary strands are paired in certain ways. Cytosine always pairs with guanine and adenine always pairs with thymine. The human genome holds about 3 billion base pairs, found in the chromosomes. Each of the 46 chromosomes are composed of thousands of genesRead MoreThe Uses Of Dn Dna Fingerprinting1486 Words   |  6 PagesTran Mr. Tucker AP Biology 26 August 2015 The Uses of DNA: DNA Fingerprinting Sir Alec Jeffreys’ 1984 discovery of DNA fingerprinting in England has revolutionized the criminal justice system by enabling legal entities to determine innocence or guilt of a suspect to a much higher level of accuracy(Butler). This discovery has also provided the ability to identify victims of natural disasters or catastrophes like 911(Lippincott). Additionally, DNA testing or profiling, has helped doctors and researchersRead MoreNext Generation Sequencing Is The Method Of Determining The Order Of Nucleotides1362 Words   |  6 PagesGENERATION SEQUENCING Introduction DNA sequencing is the method of determining the order of nucleotides in DNA. It includes the method that is used to determine the order of four bases -adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine in DNA. DNA sequencing has greatly accelerated research and discovery in biological and medical field. The first DNA sequence was obtained using two-dimensional chromatography, in the early 1970s by academic researchers which was laborious. Now DNA sequencing has become easier andRead MoreDr. Ketchum Processed All The Samples1053 Words   |  5 Pagesgiven the samples and ask to run a DNA profile. The origin of the DNA samples was withheld from the laboratories. # Laboratory Type of Testing Paid Blind Study Author ship 1 North Louisiana Criminalistics Laboratory, Shreveport, LA Forensic DNA Extraction and DNA quantification No No Yes 2 DNA Diagnostics, Nacogdoches, Texas Forensic Extraction, Species Screening, Preliminary Species Sequencing and STR PP16 genotyping, mtDNA and nuDNA, testing known submitter (human) samples. No Yes No 3 SouthwesternRead MoreDna Biology : Forensic Science Essay958 Words   |  4 Pages1.1.1.1 Forensic DNA Biology: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has revolutionized forensic science. Of all the disciplines in forensic science, forensic biology has seen the most technological advances in the past thirty years. Forensic biology is a field of study that uses DNA to identify victims and to associate suspects and victims to crime scenes. The large forensic advantage of high copy number and the stability of the mtGenome is a direct consequence of the mitochondrion’s function and evolutionaryRead MoreThe Consequences Of DNA Investigation769 Words   |  4 PagesBecause of the occurring variation in the DNA molecule from one person to another, the sequence of the fragments forms a pattern. Using an in front of approach called match/ binning, they first decide whether there is a match between the lengths of DNA fragments from the suspects and crime samples. . If it match they determine a match of percentage. The molecule is found in every living cell in the body, carries the genetic information that makes one individual separate and distinct from every otherRead MoreHuman Genome Project Essay examples504 Words   |  3 PagesHuman Genome Project The Human Genome Project is an international project basically sponsored by the U.S Government. It started in October 1990 with an aim to sequence the entire human genome. The complete set of information present in the form of the genes in an organism forms its genome. Each human being has 23 pairs of chromosomes having DNA double helix in each. The Human Genome Project is a worldwide research effort with the goal of analyzing the structure of humanRead MoreEssay on The Human Genome Project1437 Words   |  6 Pagesdeeply in our body is the complex biological story. The Human Genome Project is the exploration of this intricate yet crucial storyline. The Genome is a complete set of genes that make up an organism. Genes are made up of DNA (deoxynucleic acid) which subsequently is made up of long paired strands. These paired strands attach in a specific manner, for example, Adenine (A) attaches itself to Thymine (T) and Cytosine(C) to Guanine (G). The genome is the perplexing key in instructing cells to do theirRead MoreMaintaining National Dna Database Case Study1120 Words   |  5 PagesMaintaining National DNA Databases: Struggle between Necessity and Ethic SNEHA SINGH1 1Advocate, Rajasthan High Court, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Email – ssnehassingh1989@gmail.com 1. INTRODUCTION DNA is an acronym, which stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. Every cell in an individual’s body, with the exception of red blood cells and eggs or sperm, contains the full genetic program for that individual in its DNA. The human genome, which consists of about 3 billion base pairs, harbours genetically relevant

Mental Health For The Mentally Ill - 999 Words

Mental Health Brief What’s the issue? The lack of mental health services available to the mentally-ill and the deinstitutionalization of mental health hospitals have created a public health concern. These issues along with failed continuum of care strategies and a lack of community mental health services are major contributing factors to homelessness. In addition, the strict guidelines for psychiatric hospitalization are critical when analyzing homelessness among the mentally-ill. In many cases, only the critically-ill are meeting clinical criteria for hospitalization, leaving those who have significant mental health problems to fend for themselves. The link between homelessness and mental health is acknowledged, but requires reform (Bean Jr., G. J., Stefl, M. E., and Howe, S. R, 1987). A study completed by Folsom (2005), shows a correlation between homelessness and untreated mental health issues in the United States. The research suggests that approximately one-third of the homeless population has a significant mental health diagnosis such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression. However, those who remain untreated and have additional risk factors such as lower socioeconomic conditions or substance abuse issues are more likely to become homeless. The research also suggests that men have a higher rate of homelessness than women. In particular, African American men have a higher rate of homelessness than those from other ethnic backgrounds. Veterans are alsoShow MoreRelatedMental Health Treatment Of Mentally Ill Essay1542 Words   |  7 Pagesadequate mental health services to be insufficient for the mentally ill population. Mentally ill individuals were send back to society despite of their prevailing circumstances. The lack of assistance made ment ally ill individuals to commit a high percentage of crimes due to their state of mind. Mentally ill individuals who had committed crimes were being incarcerated instead of forcing them to receive mental health treatment. According to Schneider (2008) the percentage of mentally ill enteringRead MoreMental Health Hospitals For The Mentally Ill Essay981 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals with serious mental disorders like schizophrenia or bipolar disorders are often sent into prisons without proper diagnosis or any plan for treatment or medications (Ford, M. 2015, June 8). As a matter of fact, prisons are becoming heavily populated with people, who are in desperate need of professional psychiatric care. Regrettably, there is an overwhelming population of America’s jails mentally ill that are booked for minor offenses. When someone is diagnosed with acute mental illness do not receiveRead MoreImproving Mental Health Service For The Mentally Ill1755 Words   |  8 Pagesrecruiting older minority populations into mental health research studies. The main focus of this research is to inform the administrators and policymakers, the best way to care for the mentally ill and how to improve mental health service in older minority. According to U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, (2001) and Fellin and Powell, (1988), â€Å"the mental health services by older minority have been an important issues for congress, national institutes of health, and the numerous professional organizationsRead MoreThe Mental Health System Is The Best Interest Of The Mentally Ill2114 Words   |  9 Pagesaspects of life. The mental health system has become a subject that has questioned whether our society has the best interest of the mentally ill in mind. It is because of issues like the â€Å"laid back approach† to prescribing treatment to patients and the lack of coverage for mental health expenses that led to the corrupting of the system. Patients would undoubtedly be nefit from a more structured process with prices that took a families’ financial situation into account. The mental health system in its currentRead MoreMental Illness and Health Care for the Mentally Ill Essay1216 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study Mental Illness has a broad spectrum in the definition of mental illness; any of various psychiatric conditions, usually characterized by impairment of an individual’s normal cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning, and caused by physiological or psychosocial factors. Also called mental disease, mental disorder. The broad definition also includes that a mental illness is dependent upon a society’s norm and whether corresponding behaviors go against these norms and whetherRead MoreThe Shutdown Of Public Mental Health1614 Words   |  7 Pageshave proven that the shutdown of various mental health facilities across the nation has caused a dramatic increase in the number of incarcerations for people who suffer from mental illness. In 2006, the Bureau of Justice Statistics calculated that there were approximately 705,600 mentally ill adults incarcerated in state prisons, 78,800 mentally ill adults incarcerated in federal prisons, and 479,900 mentally ill ad ults incarcerated in local jails (â€Å"Mentally Ill†). In response to the increase in theRead MoreMental Illness Of The Mentally Ill On Deinstitutionalization1514 Words   |  7 PagesMental illness in America has become an increasingly popular topic of discussion. Rather than being placed in hospitals for treatment, mentally ill individuals are being placed into correctional facilities for their actions. Persons with serious mental illness (SMI) such as bi-polar disorder, severe depression, schizophrenia and etc. have trouble within society. Many lack income and stable living arrangements to be able to succeed in the community. Side effects of their illness can enable them toRead MoreThe Death Of Christopher Lopez918 Words   |  4 PagesA lawsuit has been filed over the death of Christopher Lopez who was a diagnosed mentally ill inmate. On March 17, 2013 Lopez died while incarcerated in the San Carlos Correctional Facility. Lopez died on a concrete floor struggling to br eathe while guards watched through the food slot to his cell. The reality of it which is why this is beyond frustrating and unacceptable in America is because Lopez s was a schizophrenic. Lopez was given a psychotropic drug to deal with his schizophrenia. LopezRead MoreThe Massachusetts Mental Health System1371 Words   |  6 PagesThe Massachusetts’ mental health system is a broad system consisting of public and private institutions, health insurance, laws and public policies. The Department of Mental Health (DMH) is a core part of the Massachusetts’ mental health system. This state run organization was put in place to ensure mental health services to the mentally ill and to fund research aimed at finding the causes of mental health. ( dept mental health info)Due to the deinstitutionalization process beginning in 1955, whenRead MoreThe Community Mental Health Centers Act Of 1963 Closed State Psychiatric Hospitals1191 Words   |  5 PagesMany years ago, mental ill ness was viewed as a demonic possession or a religious punishment. In the 18th century, the attitudes towards mental illness were negative and persistent. This negativity leads to the stigmatization and confinement of those who were mentally ill. The mentally ill were sent to mental hospitals that were unhealthy and dangerous. A push in the mid 1950s for deinstitutionalization began because of activists lobbying for change. Dorothea Dix was one of these activists that helped

Jean Arp Biography Essay Example For Students

Jean Arp Biography Essay Art is a fruit that grows in man, like a fruit on a plant, or a child in its mothers womb, once commented Jean Arpa remarkable twentieth-century sculptor, painter and poet associated with and a forefather of the Dada and Surrealist movements. The avant-garde artist was born on September 16, 1887 in Strasbourg, France, where he studied at the Ecole des Arts et MÃÆ' ©tiers. In 1905, he transferred to the Weimar Academy and then to Paris at the AcadÃÆ' ©mie Julian in 1908, and subsequent to graduation resumed his painting in Weggis, Switzerland in isolation. By 1912, Jean Arp had become associated with the Blaue Reiter, or Blue Rider, a group of Expressionist artists in Munich, where he exhibited semi-figurative drawings and became well-acquainted with fellow artist Wassily Kandinsky. In 1913, he exhibited with another group of Expressionists at the first Hebrstsalonor Autumn Salon, an art exhibitionin Berlin. Aware of the developments within the French avant-garde through his contacts with such artists as Apollinaire, Max Jacob and Sonia and Robert Delaunay in 1914, Arp presented his first abstracts and paper cutouts in ZÃÆ' ¼rich in 1915 and arranged his first shallow wooden reliefs and compositions of string nailed to canvas. In 1915, the art of Jean Arp consisted of abstract and angularly patterned tapestries and drawings, but soon matured as he became the co-founder of the revolutionary Dadaist school of artists in ZÃÆ' ¼rich, Switzerland with Tristan Tzara and Hugo Ball. His familiar abstract and curvilinear forms debuted in 1917, and in 1919 he continued his Dadaist portrayals with Ernst in Cologne before participating in the Berlin Dada exhibition of 1920. Jean Arp married Sophie Tauber in 1922, during a period where he was most notable for his painted wooden bas-reliefs and humorous cut-cardboard constructions. He settled with his wife at Meudon in 1927, when he participated in the Surrealist movement and had his first one-man exhibition at the Galerie SurrÃÆ' ©aliste in Paris. He then parted with Surrealism to become a co-founder of Abstraction-Creation in 1931, when his characteristic organic forms became more severe and geometrical. In the 1930s, Jean Arp began to work in freestanding sculpture, carving and molding a variety of substances. An example of his smooth, biomorphic forms is the marble Human Concretion, 1935, located in the MusÃÆ' ©e National dArt Moderne in Paris. Arp was tenacious in correcting art critics as to the nature of his sculptures; he insisted that his pieces were concrete rather than abstract, since they occupied space, and that art was a natural generation of forma fruit that grows in man, as he had st ated. Jean Arp visited the United States in 1949 and 1950 to finish a monumental wood and metal relief for Harvard University; in 1958, he composed a mural relief for the UNESCO Building in Paris. He was awarded the international prize for sculpture at the Venice Biennale in 1954 and the 1964 Pittsburgh International. Arp died on June 7, 1966 in Solduno, Switzerland, survived by his second wife, Marguerite Arp-Hagenbach. A dominant  personality within abstract art, Dada and Surrealism, his reliefs and sculptures have had a decisive influence upon the sculpture of this century.